Module B13
Thermal stresses can be reduced by bellows expansion joints. They are multiply loaded by pressure, axial deformation, bending and load variation.
With the module B13 single-ply bellows expansion joints can be designed. It also determines the axial elastic spring rate and the bending spring rate of a convolution and the allowable number of load cycles.

For multi-ply bellows expansion joints we recommend the EJMA module.
AD 2000 Merkblaetter